The Buddy Holly Story

The Day The Music Died

Charles Hardin Holley (September 7, 1936 – February 3, 1959), better known as Buddy Holly, was an American singer, songwriter, and a pioneer of Rock and Roll.

The change of spelling of Holley to Holly came about because of an error in a contract he was asked to sign, listing him as Buddy Holly. That spelling was then adopted for his professional career. The original spelling of "Holley" was engraved on his headstone.

Biography

Buddy Holly was born Charles Hardin Holley in Lubbock, Texas to parents Lawrence Odell Holley and Ella Pauline Drake. The Holleys were a musical family and as a young boy Holley learned to play the violin (his brothers oiled the strings so much that no one could hear him play), piano and guitar. In the autumn of 1949 he met Bob Montgomery at Hutchinson Jr. High School. They shared a common interest in music, and soon teamed up to perform as the duo "Buddy and Bob". Initially influenced by

bluegrass music, they sang harmony duets at local clubs and high school talent shows. Holley's turn to rock music came after seeing Elvis Presley sing live, in his hometown of Lubbock in early 1955. A few months later, he appeared in the same bill with Presley, also in Lubbock. Holley's transition to rock was finalised when they opened for Bill Haley and his Comets at a local rock show organised by Eddie Crandall, who was also the manager for Marty Robbins. As a result of this performance, Holley was offered a contract with Decca Records to work alone, which he accepted.

Back in Lubbock, Holley formed his own band, "The Crickets", and began making records at Norman Petty's studios in Clovis, New Mexico. Among the songs they recorded was "That'll Be the Day", which took its title from a phrase which John Wayne's character said repeatedly in the 1956 film, The Searchers. Norman Petty had music industry contacts, and believing that "That'll Be the Day" would be a hit single, he contacted publishers and labels. Coral Records, a subsidiary of Decca, signed

Buddy Holly and The Crickets. This put Buddy in the unusual position of having two record contracts at the same time. Before "That'll Be The Day" had its nation-wide release and became a smash hit, Holley played lead guitar on the hit-single "Starlight", recorded in April 1957, featuring Jack Huddle. The Crickets actually created two versions of the song, the initial unsuccessful version played more slowly and about half an octave higher than the hit version.

Holly's music was sophisticated for its day, including the use of instruments considered novel for rock and roll, such as the celesta (heard on "Everyday"). Holly was an influential lead and rhythm guitarist, notably on songs such as "Peggy Sue" and "Not Fade Away". While Holly could pump out boy-loves-girl songs with the best of his contemporaries, other songs featured more sophisticated lyrics and more complex harmonies and melodies than had been previously shown in the genre.

Many of his songs feature a unique vocal "hiccup" technique, a clipped "uh" sound used to emphasise certain words in any given song, especially the rockers. Other singers have used a similar technique, though less obviously and consistently.

Example, the start of the raucous number "Rave On": "Weh-UH-eh-UH-ell, the little things you say and do, make me want to be with you-UH-ou...". Or this, from "That'll Be the Day": "Well, you give me all your lovin' and your UH-turtle dovin'..."

Holly also managed to bridge some of the racial divide that punctuated rock, notably winning over an all-black audience when accidentally booked for New York's Apollo Theatre (though, unlike the fictional portrayal in his movie biography, it took several performances for audiences to be convinced of his talents).

After the release of several highly successful songs, in March 1958, he and the Crickets toured the United Kingdom. In the audience were teenagers named John Lennon and Paul McCartney, who later cited Holly as a primary influence (the band's name, The Beatles, was later chosen partly in homage to Holly's Crickets). The Beatles did a cover version of "Words of Love" that was an almost perfect

reproduction of Holly's version. The Rolling Stones did a cover of "Not Fade Away." The group, The Hollies were named in homage.

Holly's personal style, more controlled and cerebral than Elvis's and more youthful and innovative than the country and western stars of his day, would have an influence on youth culture on both sides of the Atlantic for decades to come, reflected particularly in the New Wave movement in artists such as Elvis Costello and Marshall Crenshaw (who portrayed Holly in the Ritchie Valens biopic La Bamba), and earlier in folk rock bands like The Byrds and The Turtles.

He married Maria Elena Santiago on August 15, 1958.

"The Winter Dance Party".

In early 1959, Holly split with the Crickets and began a solo tour with other notable performers on 1959 winter tour, "The Winter Dance Party". Buddy Holly with a new line-up of the Crickets, Tommy Allsup on guitar, Waylon Jennings on bass, and Carl Bunch on drums; Dion and the Belmonts; J.P. "The Big Bopper" Richardson; Ritchie Valens and Frankie Sardo. None of the other performers had backing bands, so the Crickets filled in for all the shows. One audience member at the tour stop in Duluth, Minnesota was a young Bobby Zimmerman who would later be known as Bob Dylan.

Conditions for the performers on the tour buses that were used were abysmal, and the bitter Midwest weather took its toll on the party; Carl Bunch had to be hospitalised with frost bitten feet, and several others (including Valens and The Big Bopper) caught colds. The performances, however, were deemed to be some of the greatest in rock and roll history. The show was split into two acts, with Ritchie closing the first act. After Bunch was hospitalised, a member of the Belmonts who had some drum experience took over the drumming duties. When Dion and the Belmonts were performing, the drum seat was taken by either Valens or Buddy Holly.

On February 2 1959 after the final performance at the Surf Ballroom in Clear Lake, Iowa, Buddy Holly, fed up with the conditions on the buses, decided to charter a small plane for himself and the Crickets to get to the next show on time, get some rest, and get their laundry done. He chartered a Beechcraft Bonanza aircraft to take him and his new Crickets band (Tommy Allsup and Waylon Jennings) to Fargo, North Dakota. Richardson came down with the flu and didn't feel comfortable on the bus, so Jennings gave his plane seat to him. Valens had never flown on a small plane and requested Allsup's seat. They flipped a coin, and Valens called heads and won the toss. The four-passenger Beechcraft Bonanza took off into a blinding snow storm and crashed into Albert Juhl's corn field several miles after takeoff at 1:05 A.M. on February the 3rd. The crash killed Holly, Valens, Richardson, and the 21 year-old pilot, Roger Peterson, leaving Holly's pregnant bride, Maria Elena Holly, a widow (she would miscarry soon after).

Although the crash received a good deal of local coverage, it was displaced in the national news by a crash that occurred the same day in New York City, when an American Airlines Lockheed Electra crashed during an instrument landing approach at LaGuardia Airport. In that crash, 65 died and 7 survived.

Buddy Holly's funeral services was held at the Tabernacle Baptist Church in Lubbock, Texas, and his body was interred in the City of Lubbock Cemetery.

Holly's headstone carries the correct spelling of his name, Buddy Holley. It also features a carving of his Fender Stratocaster guitar. Downtown Lubbock has a "walk of fame" with plaques to various area artists such as Mac Davis and Waylon Jennings, with a life-size statue of Buddy, playing his Fender guitar, as its centrepiece.

The tragic plane crash inspired Mike Berry & The Outlaws' single Tribute To Buddy Holly (1961), and singer Don McLean's popular 1971 ballad "American Pie", and immortalised February 3 as "The Day the Music Died". Contrary to popular myth, "American Pie" was not the name of the ill-fated plane.

The Surf Ballroom, a popular and old-fashioned dance hall that dates to the height of Big Band Era, continues to put on shows, notably an annual Buddy Holly tribute on the anniversary of his last performances.

The dramatic arc of Holly's life story inspired a Hollywood biography The Buddy Holly Story, for which actor Gary Busey received a nomination for Academy Award for Best Actor for his portrayal of Holly, as well as successful Broadway and West End musicals documenting his career. The West End musical, Buddy, ran for seven years. The movie, while entertaining received wide criticism from the rock community for its wild inaccuracies. This led Paul McCartney to produce and host his own tribute to Holly, entitled "The Real Buddy Holly Story." This authoritative video includes interviews with Keith Richards, Phil and Don Everly, Sonny Curtis, Jerry Allison, Holly's family, and McCartney himself, among others.

Buddy Holly is considered one of the founding fathers of rock 'n roll and one of its most influential. Although his career was cut short, his body of work is considered some of the best in rock music history and his music would influence not only many of his recording contemporaries, but also the future direction music would take. As one of the capstones of rock 'n' roll, Buddy influenced groups for decades.

Buddy Holly was part of the first group inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame on its formation in 1986. His pioneering contribution to the genre has been recognised by the Rockabilly Hall of Fame.

Covers

Since his death many bands and artists have covered Buddy Holly material such as The Beatles,

The Rolling Stones, John Lennon, Linda Ronstadt, Humble Pie, Rush, Grateful Dead,

Bruce Springsteen, James Taylor, Blind Faith, Don McLean, John Mellancamp and many others.

  The Music Lives on it will never Die